How Does Electric Arc Furnace Work?

Electric Arc Furnaces,Steelmaking 
An electric arc furnace is an electric furnaces that uses an electric arc to generate high temperatures to melt ores, metals, and other materials.

Its working principle is to use electric current to pass through electrodes to form an arc. The high temperature generated by the arc can reach thousands of degrees Celsius, which is enough to melt metals.

The EAF used in industry is mainly divided into direct heating type. In this type of electric arc furnace, the arc occurs between a special electrode rod and the smelted charge. The temperature of the electric furnace can reach 1,800 °C (3,272 °F), while the temperature of the EAF melting furnace used in the laboratory can rise to as high as 3,000 °C (5,432 °F).


How Does an Electric Arc Furnace Work?


The electric arc furnace has greater process flexibility than other steelmaking furnaces.

It can effectively remove impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus. The furnace temperature is easy to control and the equipment occupies a small area. It is suitable for the smelting of high-quality alloy steel. The electric arc furnace melts the scrap steel raw materials by arc radiation, temperature convection and heat conduction. 

The basic process flow is as follows:

1. Raw material collection:

Scrap steel is the main material for electric arc furnace steelmaking, and its quality directly affects the quality, cost and production efficiency of steel. Scrap steel needs to meet certain quality requirements.

2. Loading raw materials:

The collected scrap steel and other auxiliary materials (such as iron ore, limestone, etc.) are loaded into the smelting electric furnace.

3. Heating & melting:

The scrap steel and other raw materials are melted into molten steel by the high temperature generated by the electric arc. This process may take 8 to 12 hours.

4. Refining process:

Alloy elements and deoxidizers are added to the molten steel to refine the molten steel to adjust the composition and properties of the steel.

5. Casting:

The refined molten steel is poured into the ingot mold and cooled to form an ingot.

Compared with the traditional steelmaking method, the electric arc furnaces steelmaking process has the characteristics of using scrap steel as the main raw material, using electricity as the energy medium, and realizing "replacing coal with electricity", which has a good carbon reduction effect.


The basic process of Sanrui electric arc furnace steelmaking also includes slag filling, charging metal charge, power transmission, melting, oxidation, reduction refining and steel tapping.


When choosing a furnace, whether it is a 6-ton electric arc furnaces or a 50-ton, 120-ton or even larger one, you need to first confirm the raw materials and the specific plan of the steel plant to choose the appropriate steelmaking furnace.


If you have any needs or questions, please feel free to contact us. Sanrui Electric Furnace is committed to providing quality, guaranteed and serviced IF, EAF, SAF, LRF, VD, VOD and other metal smelting equipment to every demander.

We will also continue to share industry-related knowledge. You are welcome to contact and suggest at any time!


E-mail: alice@srfurnace.com  / Tel: +86 15686041999 (Alice)

E-mail: anna@srfurnace.com  / Whatsapp: +86 159 2955 5868 (Anna)

Website: www.srfurnace.com / www.srmeltingfurnace.com

Xi'an Sanrui Electric Furnace

地点: 中国陕西省西安市

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